Bunce, L. and B. Pomeroy, 2003

Developed in conjunction with regional partners, WCPA-Marine has published new guidelines to help coastal managers in Southeast Asia enhance their understanding of communities and their relationship to coastal and marine resources. The Socioeconomic Guidelines for Coastal Managers in Southeast Asia, published in March 2003, outline a process for conducting socioeconomic surveys of coastal populations. SocMon SEA is a complement to the 2000 GCRMN Socioeconomic Manual for Coral Reef Managers and is the product of substantial collaboration among social scientists and coastal managers in the region. In particular the SocMon Southeast Asia Advisory Board, which is a balance of social scientists and coastal managers, provided significant project direction and technical input. The SocMon purposes of socioeconomic information, indicators and overall structure were brainstormed by the Board during a mini-workshop held in August 2002 in Iloilo, Philippines.

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Wilkinson, C., A. Green, J. Almany and S. Dionne, 2003

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are an important tool for marine conservation and management; monitoring plays a critical role in managing these MPAs. Monitoring provides the essential information required to make management decisions and determine if the decisions are working. Without monitoring, managers are essentially operating in the dark! This book was written in response to requests from many managers of MPAs from around the world who asked for advice on how to design and implement monitoring programs that can help them manage their MPAs more effectively. The goals of this book are to: . Demonstrate how monitoring can play a major role in the effective management of MPAs; . Provide advice on which monitoring programs to use to facilitate effective management; and . Demonstrate how monitoring has played an important role in the effective management of MPAs using case studies from around the world. Coral reefs around the world are at risk from many threats including global warming causing coral bleaching, over-fi shing or destructive fi shing, pollution by sediments, nutrients and toxic chemicals, coral mining and shoreline development, and unregulated tourism. Monitoring the ecology of the reefs and the socioeconomics of the people is the only way to understand the extent, nature and causes of the damage, and to identify ways to address these threats. How can monitoring assist in the effective management of MPAs? Monitoring assists through the following tasks: 1. Resource Assessment and Mapping 2. Resource Status and Long-Term Trends 3. Status and Long-Term Trends of User Groups 4. Impacts of Large-Scale Disturbances 5. Impacts of Human Activities 6. Performance Evaluation and Adaptive Management 7. Education and Awareness Raising 8. Building Resilience into MPAs 9. Contributing to Regional and Global Networks This book will provide practical advice on how to design and implement ecological and socio-economic monitoring programs aimed at addressing these issues. Many useful references are included at the back along with Internet sites. We have used case studies from around the world to illustrate how others have used monitoring to assist them in managing MPAs. There are many useful lessons from these case studies and all contain recommendations for other MPA managers. The book provides information on many of the organisations involved in coral reef monitoring and management, along with the recommendations on coral reef monitoring and information processing from the recent ITMEMS2 (International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium, 2003) meeting, which featured MPA managers from all over the world. This is Version 1 of the book being released at the World Parks Congress in Durban South Africa, September 2003. Our intention is to keep it alive and continually update it. This copy will be lodged on the www.reefbase.org, www.gcrmn.org and www.aims.gov.au websites where we want to continually update it for use by MPA managers to improve their management and conservation of coral reefs.

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The tsunamis of Sunday 26 December 2004 caught many people unprepared and unaware in Indian Ocean countries. This unexpected event struck without apparent warning on a clear day; many local people and tourists were on the beach and some walked over coral reef flats as the water receded to investigate a hidden realm. Within minutes, a series of massive waves returned to carry them away and invade the land.
The tsunamis resulted in more than 250,000 people killed or missing and caused massive destruction to coastal resources and infrastructure. The focus in this book is on the impacts on the natural coastal resources, especially the coral reefs and associated ecosystems, and the responses by the international community.

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Sumber: http://alamendah.wordpress.com/2009/07/21/berkenalan-dengan-terumbu-karang-indonesia/

Terumbu karang (coral reef) di Indonesia merupakan yang terkaya di dunia. Diperkirakan dari total luas terumbu karang di dunia yang mencapai 284.300 km2, 18 % (85.200 km2) diantaranya berada di wilayah Indonesia. Hal ini juga berkaitan dengan Indonesia yang sebagai negara maritim terbesar di dunia yang memiliki perairan seluas 93 ribu km2. Terumbu karang Indonesia juga memiliki keanekaragaman hayati tertinggi di dunia dengan lebih dari 18% terumbu karang dunia, serta lebih dari 2.500 jenis ikan, 590 jenis karang batu, 2.500 jenis moluska, dan 1.500 jenis udang-udangan. Sejauh ini telah tercatat lebih dari 750 jenis karang yang termasuk kedalam 75 marga terdapat di Indonesia.

Terumbu karang Indonesia juga termasuk dalam wilayah segitiga karang dunia (coral triangel) yang merupakan pusat keanekaragaman hayati dunia. Segitiga karang meliputi Indonesia, Philipina, Malaysia, Timor Leste, Papua New Guinea dan Kepulauan Salomon. Jika ditarik garis batas yang melingkupi wilayah terumbu karang di ke-6 negara tersebut maka akan menyerupai segitiga. Itu sebabnya wilayah tersebut disebut sebagai segitiga karang dunia (coral triangle). Total luas terumbu karang di coral triangle sekitar 75.000 Km2.

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